Rules for loading cargo exist in order to prevent damage to transported goods and equipment, and to prevent harm to the health of workers and people in the work area. These requirements also take into account the safety of cargo for road users during transportation. Special standards for its placement have been developed so that the visibility and balance of the vehicle are not impaired.
General rules for loading and unloading cargo include the following main points
1. The process can only be carried out by those workers who have undergone a medical examination confirming their good health, as well as instruction in basic loading and unloading techniques and safety precautions.
2. Before carrying out work, the manager inspects the cargo, checking its general condition, the integrity of the container, and the serviceability of the fastenings. The vehicle is also checked for defects and sanitary suitability for transportation.
3. Before starting work, careful organization of its implementation must be ensured – free space for transport maneuvering, convenient movement of workers and equipment, high-quality lighting, serviceable walkways, pallets, trolleys, etc. are provided.
4. The vehicle must have fastenings that can securely secure the cargo to prevent it from moving during transportation.
5. Small loads are combined into larger containers – containers, pallets.
6. Loading of objects weighing more than 50 kg and when lifted to a height of more than 2 m is carried out using mechanized means.
7. When loading, you must strictly observe the information indicated on the label, for example, “fragile cargo”, “do not throw” etc..
8. When transporting oversized cargo, the driver must make sure that there is no obstruction to the view, the headlights are clean, and the vehicle information signs are clearly legible.
Loading cargo into a container
1. The cargo must be provided with proper packaging appropriate to its type.
2. The goods are placed inside in such a way that when lifted by a crane its balance is not disturbed. It is prohibited to place more than 60% of the total weight of the cargo in one half of the container.
3. The total gaps between stacks should not exceed 20 cm; excess space is filled with improvised means. But at the same time, a gap of 3 – must be left between the door and the load. 5 cm.
4. It is prohibited to fasten cargo with nails directly to the walls of the container. Fastening is carried out using chains, spacer frames, wires, staples or rings.
I place light objects only on top of heavy ones.
5. After loading, the container is sealed and marked in accordance with the basic requirements.
Loading cargo into a wagon
1. Loading and unloading operations on the railway are carried out in non-public areas connected to warehouses.
2. Loading of goods into the car is carried out to the full load capacity and capacity, which allows maximum use of the rolling stock.
3. Laying and fastening are carried out in accordance with the rules adopted for each individual type of wagon.
4. The cars must be in good technical condition and have working fastenings, as well as comply with accepted sanitary standards.
5. Loads are placed evenly over the area and secured in such a way as to prevent them from falling and moving during transportation.
6. In the space between the doors, the cargo is placed at a distance of 25 cm from the car door. It is necessary to provide reliable fastening in the form of stops or gratings so that during unloading the transported items do not fall out of the car.
7. It is prohibited to transport goods together that may disrupt the integrity or worsen the sanitary condition of other goods located nearby (for example, raw meat or fish along with vegetables and fruits).
8. Exceeding the permissible load weight for a given vehicle can lead to an emergency on the railway, and therefore must be controlled especially strictly.
