Reliable placement of transported goods is the key to their safety. It is especially important to follow cargo placement rules when delivering fragile items that can be easily damaged. If boxes and other containers are improperly secured, not only the goods being transported can be damaged, but also the walls of the body or container, and too much weight on one side can lead to an emergency. Therefore, special rules for placing and securing cargo have been developed for each type of transport, designed to prevent damage both to the objects being transported and to all road users.
Rules for placing cargo on road transport
- The cargo must not have dimensions and weight exceeding those established for the selected vehicle.
- It is necessary to distribute the weight evenly over the entire area of the body.
- The most voluminous and heavy objects are placed in the lower part of the body, closer to its center. Homogeneous containers are stacked, maintaining the same number of tiers. The gaps between the stacks are filled with packaging material.
- Long cargo of different sizes are sorted by size, placing the longer ones at the bottom.
- Cargo is placed according to a diagram that includes a graphic representation of each unit and its attachment points in the body.
- When securing cargo, take into account the direction of the influences that arise during transportation. It is produced regardless of the distance over which transportation is carried out.
- Before loading, fastening chains and cables are checked for integrity and during transportation they should be protected from exposure to protruding corners using pads or special protection.
Rules for placing cargo in a container
- It is allowed to exceed the maximum carrying capacity of the container by no more than 50 kg.
- Boxes are placed so that they do not move during transportation and cannot cause damage to adjacent cargo or the vehicle.
- The contents of the container must remain stable even when moved by crane.
- It is necessary to exclude the impact of the load on the door, for which gaps from 5 to 20 cm are created.
- When fastening, it is forbidden to use rigid fixation to the sides.
- Load per 1 cm2 in the container of a large-tonnage container is no more than 1 kg, medium-tonnage — no more than 0.5 kg
During loading and unloading operations, we are guided by labor protection rules when placing cargo, which include the following points:
- When placing boxes in the body, follow the diagram that is drawn up before loading.
- During loading and unloading operations, the container doors should not be blocked by the cargo being placed.
- When opening and closing the side of the truck, you need to make sure that the objects being transported are securely secured. This operation cannot be performed alone.
- Work with ropes and other fastening devices is carried out in special gloves.
- When opening the door of a body or carriage, you must position yourself so that if the load falls out, it will not cause injury to workers.
