Packaging of cargo for transportation — an important measure to ensure the integrity of transported goods and minimize the damage caused to them. During transportation and also loading and unloading operations, the goods are exposed to various physical influences. The risk of breakdowns is especially high during nternational transport, when cargo is delivered by different modes of transport, when loading and unloading is carried out several times.
In addition, the cargo may be exposed to adverse environmental conditions — excess moisture, high or low temperature. In some cases, biological factors also pose a danger — harmful bacteria, molds, insects and rodents that can damage not only food, but also other goods, such as wood, textiles.
High-quality packaging of cargo for transportation helps to avoid all these problems.
Types of cargo packaging during transportation
When transporting goods, rigid, semi-rigid or soft packaging is used.
- Rigidusually includes plywood and wood boxes, lathing, sealed metal containers, coils and other solid wood, metal, and fiberglass structures.
- Semi-rigid is represented by cardboard boxes, including those with wooden and metal pallets, as well as plastic sealed containers, including those with lathing. Made from plastic, polymer materials, corrugated cardboard.
- Soft packaging includes bags and wrapping made of polyethylene and polypropylene, textiles, bubble wrap, shrink film, tape, wrapping paper, and envelopes.
Based on the method of application, containers are of the following types:
- Consumer — contains the final product packaged in a pack, jar, bottle.
- Group — contains goods packaged in separate consumer packaging, and is represented by boxes, boxes, bags.
- Transport — containers designed to protect goods during transportation — containers, boxes, barrels, trays, shrink film, bubble film, specialized containers using polystyrene foam.
Requirements for cargo packaging
- Packaging of any type of cargo first of all ensures its complete safety from all negative factors.
- It is allowed to accept cargo for transportation only in clean, dry containers without visible damage.
- The container in which goods are transported must not pose a danger to the integrity of adjacent cargo or means of transportation.
- Cargos belonging to high and low hazard classes cannot be transported in the same container.
- Valuable cargo must have a special seal, the number of which is recorded in the accompanying documentation.
- The packaging must contain all necessary markings containing current information about the conditions of transportation and storage. It is prohibited to use old containers with markings that are not related to this type of product.
- In addition to these signs, information about the points of departure and delivery, information inscriptions, signs of compliance with the norms of the customs union of countries are applied to the containers — participants of the transport agreement.
Packaging of oversized cargo
- Oversized cargo must be packed in impact-resistant containers with shock-absorbing and protective properties.
- At the same time, special requirements are placed on the compactness of the packaging. It should not greatly increase the already significant dimensions of the cargo.
- Containers for oversized cargo must be conveniently and efficiently secured during transportation to prevent uncontrolled movement.
- Other packaging requirements are based on the characteristics of a particular product.
- The most common types of packaging for large cargo — wooden lathing, cardboard box, shrink film.
Packaging of dangerous goods
For dangerous goods, rules have been adopted that are uniform for transportation by any method and established
